Research Paper writing

1.Description of your topics or title in research paper.
-phobia

2.Websites
google.com
alltheweb.com
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3.Resources

Topic:Phobia

1.Definition of Phobia
2.Causes of Phobia
3.Effects of Phobia
4.History of Phobia
5.Types of Phobia
6.Symptoms of Phobia
7.Medications of Phobia
8.Prevention of Phobia
9.Origin of phobia
10.Age having phobia
11.Behaviors of having phobia
12.Social Phobia
13.Specific Phobia
14.Irrational Phobia
15.Anxiety Disorders Phobia
16.Phobias panic attacks
17.Irrational fears
18.Animal Phobia
19.Blood needle phobia
20.Blood injury phobia
21.Blood phobia treatment
22.Situational panic attacks
23.Situational phobia treatment
24.Dental phobia
25.Rates of phobia






I.Introduction
A phobia (from the Greek: φόβος, phóbos, "fear"), or morbid fear is an irrational, intense, persistent fear of certain situations, activities, things, or people.
When the fear is beyond one's control, or if the fear is interfering with daily life, then a diagnosis under one of the anxiety disorders can be made.
“Fear” is the normal response to a genuine danger. With phobias, the fear is either irrational or excessive.
The word "phobia" may also signify conditions other than fear.
1.For example, although the term hydrophobia means a fear of water, it may also mean inability to drink water due to an illness, or may be used to describe a chemical compound which repels water.
1.1The term photophobia may be used to define a physical complaint (i.e. aversion to light due to inflamed eyes or excessively dilated pupils) and does not necessarily indicate a fear of light.
1.2 Phobias are more often than not linked to the amygdala, an area of the brain located behind the pituitary gland in the limbic system. The amygdala secretes hormones that control fear and aggression.


II.Kinds of Phobias
A.Simple Phobias - If you have a simple phobia, it might have begun when you actually did face a risk that realistically provoked anxiety.
B.Social Phobias - intensely afraid of being judge by others, group of anxious people are subjected to devastating episodes of panic that are unexpected and seemingly without cause.
C. Agoraphobia - Many people who suffer from panic attacks go on to develop agoraphobia, a severely handicapping disorder that often prevents its victims from leaving their homes unless accompanied by a friend or relative - a "safe" person.
D.Phobia of Dark - Fear and avoidance of the dark resulted in minimal deaths and injuries to pre-humans caused by that which they were incapable of seeing.
E.Fear of Heights - Avoiding heights prevented fatal falls from bringing an end to one who could possibly have future offspring.
F.Being Alone - Avoiding heights prevented fatal falls from bringing an end to one who could possibly have future offspring .
G.Hospital Phobia - Extreme and irrational fear of medical procedures involving injections or ‘Hypodermic needles’.
inherited hypersensitivity to pain and extreme blood pressure increase due to fond smell or availability of doctors into the operational room, examination rooms, hospitals, white lab coats, hospital gowns, doctors, dentists, nurses, the antiseptic smell associated with offices and hospitals,etc.
H.Phobias of thunder and lightning - An abnormal fear of thunder and lightning, a type of a specific phobia. During a thunderstorm, children typically hide in seemingly secure windowless places, such as a cupboard under a staircase or under their bed. Adults and teenagers share the same thought mechanism as the aforementioned and will essentially seek solace anywhere one cannot see or hear the storm.
I.Phobia of vomiting - Also called throwing up or emesis is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. Vomiting may result from many causes, ranging from gastritis or poisoning to brain tumors, or elevated intracranial pressure (ICP).
People who are accustomed to ‘Vomiting’ are usually the ‘Sexagenarians/octogenarians’ in their sixties or eighties who usually scares their early death and have the ‘Phobia’ of surviving more than their expected life span.


II.Effects of Phobia
A.The physical effects of some phobias on the body are throwing up, fainting spells, panic attacks, and heart attacks.
B.If left untreated, a phobia may worsen to the point in which the person's life is seriously affected, both by the phobia itself and/or by attempts to avoid or conceal it.
C.Social phobia can be especially difficult to manage, because the underlying fear is of humiliation. Having a phobic reaction can feel humiliating, reinforcing the fear and making
the phobia more difficult to manage

II.Causes of Phobia
A.Social phobia can be especially difficult to manage, because the underlying fear is of humiliation. Having a phobic reaction can feel humiliating, reinforcing the fear and making the phobia more difficult to manage.
B.Genetics: Research has shown that certain phobias may run in families. For example, twins who are raised separately, in different locations, may develop the same phobias. However, many people with phobias have no relatives with the condition.
C.Cultural Factors: Some phobias occur only in certain cultural groups. An example is taijin kyofusho, a social phobia that appears almost exclusively in Japan
D.Life Experience: Many phobias are based in real-life events that may or may not be consciously remembered.

III. Treatments
A. Various methods are claimed to treat phobias. None are scientifically proven to be effective, and their proposed benefits may vary from person to person.
B.Some therapists use virtual reality or imagery exercise to desensitize patients to the feared entity. These are parts of systematic desensitization therapy.
1.Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be beneficial. Cognitive behavioral therapy lets the patient understand the cycle of negative thought patterns, and ways to change these thought patterns. CBT may be conducted in a group setting. Gradual desensitisation treatment and CBT are often successful, provided the patient is willing to endure some discomfort and to make a continuous effort over a long period of time.
^1.1 Hypnotherapy coupled with Neuro-linguistic programming can also be used to help remove the associations that trigger a phobic reaction. Considered a pseudoscience by many.Anti-anxiety or anti-depression medications can be of assistance in many cases. Benzodiazepinescould be prescribed for short-term use.
^1.3 Emotional Freedom Technique, a psychotherapeutic alternative medicine tool, also considered to be pseudoscience by the mainstream medicine, is allegedly useful.These treatment options are not mutually exclusive. Often a therapist will suggest multiple treatments.



IV.Summary
Phobia is a morbid fear,intense and persistent fear of certai situations , activities, things of situation. The fear is either irrational or excessive.There are many causes of phobia it could be social, genetics, cultural factors and genetics.Social phobia is difficult to manage because the underlying fear is of humiliation. In genetics, it is run by families.
prove by research. Cultural factors, it may occur in cultural groups. Life experience based in real life events.The physical effects of some phobias on the body are throwing up, fainting spells, panic attacks, and heart attacks.a phobia may worsen to the point in which the person's life is seriously affected, both by the phobia itself and/or by attempts to avoid or conceal it.Various methods are claimed to treat phobias. None are scientifically proven to be effective, and their proposed benefits may vary from person to person.Phobias (in the clinical meaning of the term) are the most common form of anxiety disorders. An American study by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) found that between 8.7% and 18.1% of Americans suffer from phobias.

VI.Conclusion
We therefore say that phobia is much more about recognizing the fact that ‘phobias’ (irrational, extreme and constant fear of a particular thing or situation) have affected men at all times.Phobias generally arise from a negative experience with a subject relating to the phobia and have always existed. Extensive studies of the history of phobias prove that the conception and the causal factors of phobias have undergone sea changes.Phobias and panic disorder are anxiety disorders, which are among the most common of mental health problems. In fact, it is estimated that 1 in 10 people are affected by anxiety disorders. These conditions are medical disorders, but they are often mistaken for weakness or self-indulgence. Because of this common mistake and because of the stigma associated with mental illness, people with anxiety disorders are often misunderstood and neglected, by society and sometimes by health care professionals. Treatment exists to help people with phobias and panic disorder, and research into new therapies and techniques continues. By learning more about these conditions, you can help remove the social stigma that prevents so many people from seeking help to cope with their illness.